grainman wrote: One thing is for certain ..... good mash ph should be in the 5.2-5.5 range, and I guess the only way for me to truly find out where I'm at is to bite the bullet and plunk down $70 for a PH meter and do some dark brews to map out my PH range so I know what to add for water adjustments. If I do that, and my PH is good, and my dark beers are still astringent, then I will know to look elseware in my process.
Or mash your other grains if you aren't having problems with them and add the dark grains at the end, or steep in a separate vessel...

